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FitBits
Exercise ETC's
Review of Exercise Related Research
March 15, 2011

Compiled by Laura Abbott, MS, LMT

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Running Shoes & Foot Type:
Is There a Good Match?

We all look for the right shoe to suit our biomechanical needs. If one is overpronated, the shoe shows more wear on the medial side. This foot is hypermobile having more rear foot motion. Overpronation can lead to Achilles tendonitis, tibial stress syndrome, posterior tibialis tendonitis and patellar-femoral pain.

On the other foot, so to speak, the oversupinated foot shows more lateral wear on shoes. This foot is more rigid leading to problems such as reduced absorption of ground impact forces, IT Band friction syndrome, peroneus tendonitis, trochanteric bursitis, plantar fasciitis, and stress fractures.

Interestingly, a few studies have indicated that wearing a shoe to correct these problems did not help the runner. And, more so, one study found that runners reported more pain when wearing the corrective shoe. Some studies did show that cushioned shoes may help in those who oversupinated by reducing tibial shock.

So, is correcting the problem the answer? Maybe, maybe not. But the following precautions should be taken:

  • Remember that the foot in overpronators may appear more abnormal while standing than while running or walking
  • Stride mechanics may change depending on the type of shoe worn. This could lead to a host of other problems when changes are made.
  • When replacing shoes, stick with the same brand and model if possible since a different shoe may alter stride patterns
  • If you do switch shoe brands/models, self-evaluate to determine if the new show is causing more problems
  • Standard running shoes change the stride mechanics of experienced barefoot runners and vice versa.

Dressendorfer, Rudy, PT, PH.D., FACSM. Active Voice: Running Shoes & Foot Type – Is There a Good Match? ACSM Sports Medicine Bulletin. Jan. 11, 2011.

Gender Differences:
Implications for the
Obesity-Asthma Association

We all are aware that obesity has increased in the United States while exercise has decreased. With that observation, we have also seen an increase in asthma incidence and prevalence. Researchers have found that adipose tissue is not an inert organ used for energy storage, but helps to regulate inflammation through a variety of secreted proteins called adipokines.

Through researching sex-specific hormones and obesity characteristics it has been found that obesity is a risk factor for asthma. In Dr. Sood’s research, a strong association has been found, more so with obese women than obese men. The hypothesis for this greater risk in women is related to the ectopic fat in women (intramuscular fat and visceral fat). Another hypothesis is the primary role for gonadal hormones in regulated the ectopic fat and the effect it has on the airway.

While more research needs to be done in this area, it does raise another positive reason to exercise and reduce excess body fat.

Sood, Akshay, Sex Differences: Implications for the Obesity-Asthma Association. Exercise and Sports Science Review, Vol 39, No. 1 pp. 48-56, 2011.

FDA Sends a Stern Warning
to the Supplement Industry

The FDA sent manufacturers of dietary supplements a letter about deceptive labeling or claims that have not been proven. These letters will most likely fall into the appropriate hands of major companies since the FDA is working with five major trade organizations to make sure this warning gets out. The substances of concern are those that are considered active ingredients consumers would find in prescription drugs. The FDA has already alerted consumers of nearly 300 of these products, many of which have already caused injury or illness. The plan is to enforce product seizures, injunctions and criminal prosecution of specific individuals responsible due to the poor business ethics among certain manufacturers.

The FDA has also announced the development of a new method to alert and quickly warn consumers about new tainted products as they are discovered. FDA tests have found undeclared active ingredients in products that are marketed as dietary supplements such as:

  • Anti-coagulants
  • Anti-convulsants
  • Cholesterol medications
  • Erectile dysfunction medications
  • Beta blockers
  • Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
  • Anabolic steroids
  • Obesity medications found to cause heart problems

Lawful supplements include vitamins, minerals, and other ingredients meant to supplement the standard diet. However, the most common categories of so-called dietary supplements that contain illegal substances or contaminants include:

  • Weight loss products – more than 40 tainted products such as Sibutramine found in Slimming Beauty, Solo Slim and Slim-30
  • Body Building products – more that 80 tainted products such as Tren Xtreme, ArimaDex, and Clomed. These have been found to contain anabolic steroids.
  • Sexual enhancement products – more than 70 tainted products such as Vigor-25, Duro Extend Capsules for Men, and Magic Power Coffee.

National Council on Strength and Fitness, E-News, January Issue 2011

Insulin Resistance:
Not Just for People with Diabetes?

What is insulin resistance? It's when insulin is not able to lower blood glucose as it should primarily because the receptors in the muscle and fat cells for insulin are no longer sensitive to the insulin. This can lead to metabolic syndrome which is categorized as having triglycerides above 150 mg/dL, HDL cholesterol below 40 mg/dL, blood pressure above 130 mm Hg for systolic or 85 mm Hg for diastolic, a fasting glucose greater than 100 mg/dL and BMI greater than 30. Therefore, it’s not just about glucose.

Many studies have shown that exercise is key to preventing or controlling Type 2 diabetes, but that can be challenging to squeeze that in during the day for some. Strong evidence has also found that "unplanned" activity is also very helpful, especially for those who have sedentary jobs. This type of activity can be taking the stairs instead of the elevator or escalator. One study done on a university hospital setting found employees who took the stairs increased maximal aerobic capacity by 9% while lowering LDL-cholesterol, BMI, and blood pressure. A little exercise really can go a long way.

Volpe, Stella L., Ph.D, R.D., L.D.N., FACSM. ACSM’s Certified News, Oct-Dec 2010. Vol. 20:4, pp. 5-6

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