Correspondence Course Sale:
"Exercise for the Older Adult” Series

 

FitBits
March 15, 2005

Exercise ETC's Review of
Exercise Related Research
Compiled by
Jeannie Patton, MS, CSCS

Correspondence Course Sale - "Exercise for the Older Adult” Series... Click Here


Upper Body Plyometrics
Result in Increased Triceps Strength

The majority of research evaluating the effectiveness of plyometric training has been conducted using the lower extremities. Very little research to date has examined the effects of plyometric training on the upper body. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of plyometric training on the posterior shoulder (external rotators) and elbow (extensors) musculature.

Five college-aged men and 23 college-aged women served as subjects and were divided into either a control group or a plyometric group. The plyometric group performed plyometric exercises for the shoulder and elbow twice a week for six weeks. Progression was achieved by increasing the number of repetitions rather than increasing the resistance. The controls performed no plyometric training for the upper body and participated only in a strength maintenance program for the upper body.

Subjects performing plyometric training had a significant increase in the power of the elbow extensors when compared to the controls, but no significant differences occurred for the shoulder muscles. The researchers surmised that a possibility for the lack no increase in the shoulder was that overload was achieved by increasing the number of repetitions rather than the resistance. The shoulder muscles may need additional resistance overloads in order to document a significant change.

The elbow extensors have an important role in creating force and power in the upper extremities during overhead sports activities such as volleyball, tennis, baseball and softball. This study suggests that Fitness Professionals should consider upper body plyometric work for clients who could benefit from increased force and power during overhead activities.

Schulte-Edelmann, Jessica, A. et al. 2005. The effect of plyometric training of the posterior shoulder and elbow. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 19(1), 129-134.

Risk Factors for Vertebral Fractures
In Older Women Identified

Vertebral fractures are a common cause of back pain and disability in older women and they may also signal an increased risk of additional osteoporotic fractures. Since little is known about what are the risk factors for the first occurrence of a vertebral fracture, the purpose of this study was to determine if controllable risk factors for a first vertebral fracture could be identified in older females. If so, this information could be very beneficial for identifying those at risk and instituting preventative strategies.

To identify risk factors for a first vertebral fracture, 5822 women were studied. These women were at least 65 years old and had no fractures on baseline radiographs of the spine. Potential risk factors and bone mineral density (BMD) were established at baseline and at a follow-up evaluation 3.7 years later.

Specific factors were identified for an increased risk for a first vertebral fracture: older age, previous non-spine fracture, low (BMD) at all sites, a low body mass index (BMI), current smoking, low milk consumption during pregnancy, low levels of daily physical activity, having a fall, and regular use of aluminum-containing antacids. The researchers found that 27% of the women with the most risk factors accounted for 60% of the fractures at follow-up. Women taking estrogen and engaging in physical activity had the lowest risk.

This information can be useful to Fitness Professionals as an educational tool to help clients identify and modify controllable risk factors. The results of this study also emphasize the importance of regular physical activity in the prevention of fractures and maintenance of BMD.

Michael C Nevitt, et al. Factors for a First-Incident Radiographic Vertebral Fracture in Women. Journal of Bone & Mineral Research. January 2005, 20(1), 131.

Correspondence Course Sale:
"Exercise for the Older Adult” Series

Choose from three great programs on designing exercise programs for older clients. These great specials are available only on our secure web site, so visit us at: www.exerciseetc.com/specials.html

Strength Training Past 50
Sale: $49.00 (regular $69.00)

Acclaimed researchers Wayne Westcott and Tom Baechle explore how to design and implement strength programs for older clients. Discover how to add quality and function to your client’s golden years. Program includes softcover textbook and test booklet.

Credits: 9.0 AAAI-ISMA; 0.9 ACE; 9.0 ACSM; 6.0 AEA; 9.0 AIFE; 9.0 APAI; 0.6 CSCS; 9.0 ESA; 9.0 IFPA; 9.0 ISSA; 0.9 NASM; 0.9 NCSF; 9.0 NDEITA; 0.9 NFPT; 0.6 NSCA-CPT; 9.0 SCW-EDU; 9.0 SFA; 9.0 WITS

Functional Training for the Older Adult
Sale: $49.00 (regular $79.00)

Put the "Fun" back in "FUNction." Learn dozens of functional activities for the upper and lower body and how to develop balance and active flexibility programs. As an added bonus, there is a complete section on assessing the older client. Program includes CD-ROM and test booklet.

Credits: 9.0 AAAI-ISMA; 0.9 ACE; 9.0 ACSM; 4.0 AEA; 9.0 AIFE; 9.0 APAI; 9.0 IFPA; 9.0 ISSA; 0.9 NASM; 2.0 NCSF; 9.0 NDEITA; 0.9 NFPT; 0.5 NSCA-CPT; 9.0 SCW-EDU; 9.0 SFA; 9.0 WITS

Strength Training for the Older Adult
Sale: $20.00 (regular $10.00)

Strength training is necessary if your older clients want to maintain their function and improve their quality of life. Learn how to design age-appropriate programs that will help your older clients maintain and improve their Activities of Daily Living. Program includes article with 20 question quiz.

Credits: 2.0 AAAI-ISMA; 0.2 ACE; 2.0 ACSM; 2.0 AEA; 2.0 AIFE; 2.0 APAI; 2.0 IFPA; 2.0 ISSA; 0.2 NASM; 1.0 NATA-BOC; 0.5 NCSF; 2.0 NDEITA; 0.2 NFPT; 2.0 SCW-EDU; 2.0 SFA; 2.0 WITS

SAVE! Buy All 3 Courses!
Sale: $99.00 (regular $168.00)

These great specials are available only on our secure web site, so visit us at: www.exerciseetc.com/specials.html

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