FitBits
Exercise ETC's Monthly Research Review
April 2008
Compiled by Chris Marino, MS, CSCS
Director of Education, Exercise ETC
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Shocking
Predictions
Regarding Joint Replacement
The evolution of joint replacement procedures has allowed many adults who suffer from painful arthritis renewed quality of life. Unfortunately, there is bad news for Baby Boomers. The number of people in need of joint replacement surgeries is rising exponentially faster than the number of doctors who perform them.
Time Magazine recently summarized the projections shared by orthopedic surgeons at the AAOS meeting (American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons) in March. Surgeons are projecting a 525% increase in knee replacement surgeries by 2030, while hip replacements are expected to double in the same time period.
Simultaneously, there will only be a 2% increase in the number of orthopedic surgeons between now and 2020. In addition, the number of orthopedic surgeons specializing in joint replacement is slowing because of poor reimbursements.
These projections highlight the need to prolong joint health and avoid the need for arthroscopy. According to the article, two of the best things you can do are to lose weight and exercise. A 10-pound weight loss will reduce the amount of force on a joint by 30 to 50 pounds. In addition, strength and flexibility exercises can reduce strain on the joints.
Claudia Walls. Joint Replacements Expected to Soar. Time. Thursday, March 6, 2008.
Hope For Our Children
The increasing prevalence of overweight, obesity and diabetes among children in America is expected to lead to a serious health crisis in the next 10-20 years. Immediate intervention is necessary, and new research shows that it can be effective.
For the past 2 years researchers at Temple University studied the effective of a healthy intervention at schools in Philadelphia, PA. Ten schools and nearly 1350 fourth through sixth graders participated in the project; five schools received the intervention while 5 served as controls. Over 40% of the children were overweight or obese at the start of the intervention.
As part of the intervention all soda and candy was removed from the school cafeterias and vending machines, and snacks had to account for fat, sodium and sugar content. In addition, teachers and students were provided nutrition education, 10 and 50 hours, respectively, during the year.
After two years of intervention, the prevalence of overweight children had dropped by 10.3%. In the control schools, however, the prevalence of being overweight increased 25.9%. The authors note that those classified as obese prior to the study remained obese. It was suggested that more intensive care is necessary for those individuals.
Although the intervention schools showed considerable improvement, 7.5% of children still became overweight during the 2-year study. Although this value was ½ that of the increase in the control schools, researchers expressed disappointment that there was still a need for improvement to the model.
Foster G.D., et al (2008) A policy-based school intervention to prevent overweight and obesity. Pediatrics. 121: 794-802
Can Too Many Eggs Kill You?
The controversy over eggs continues -- and we're not talking about which came first.
In a study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, middle-aged male physicians who ate seven or more eggs each week were 23% more likely to die over a 20-year period. Mortality was even higher for those with type 2 Diabetes who ate eggs frequently. Although the men did not die from heart attack or stroke, the deaths are being attributed to the high amount of cholesterol in eggs.
Recent studies on cholesterol suggest that it does not increase risk for atherosclerosis to the extent that saturated fats and transfats do. Compounding factors are typically uncovered when attempting to make such comparisons. In this case, you really have to read the fine print. Although eggs were directly linked to higher all-case mortality, those who died during the study were older, more overfat, less active, smokers, and heavier alcohol drinkers.
Many fitness and nutrition professionals recognize the value of eggs for their protein content. This study, although it statistically has merit, should cause people to take sight of all lifestyle factors that might contribute to heart disease and to avoid directly labeling eggs as the culprit. Regardless, it may not be a bad idea to limit yourself to one yolk and 3 whites in your omelets.
Djousse, L., and Gaziano, J.M. (2008) Egg consumption in relation to cardiovascular disease and mortality: the Physicians' Health Study. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.
Iyengar Yoga Reduces Falls
It's always exciting to learn that exercise is effective at reducing risk for injury and disability. More than 1/3 of Americans over age 65 report falling annually. Falls in this population are especially hazardous considering the increasing prevalence of osteoporosis in the elderly. Researchers at Temple University in Philadelphia are reporting that nine weeks of Iyengar Yoga helped improve balance, gait and flexibility in women over 65. The researchers presented their findings at the annual meeting of the Gait and Clinical Movement Analysis Society.
Twenty-four elderly women participated in a specially designed program of Iyengar Yoga, which is known for using assistance devices to aid in the performance of traditional asanas. Props such as belts and blocks can help increase leverage and physical demands, thus allowing a more progressive application of resistance into the postures.
Following the class, the women had improved their lower body strength & flexibility, increased stride speed, lengthened single-leg stance time, and had reported improved confidence in both walking and balancing.
This study was the first to show that mild and progressive forms of yoga could be useful in this population. Once agin, even small amounts of physical activity are useful at any age to improve health and wellbeing.
Kevin McKeever. Yoga Program May Help Prevent Falls in Elderly. HealthDay. Friday, April 4, 2008.
WEEKEND
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Nutrition
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Assessing the Overweight Client
May 6 Healthy Eating in the 21st Century
May 13 Women, Exercise & Metabolism
May 20 Analyzing Popular Diets
May 27 Please Pass the Sugar
June 3 Exercise after Bariatric Surgery
June 10 Diet, Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome
June 17 Exercise for Obese Children & Adults
June 24 Nutrient Timing
July 1 Integrating Diet, Exercise & Lifestyle Change
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April 23
Stretch Yourself Strong
April 30 Boot Camp Workout
May 7 High Intensity Interval Training
May 14 Exercise to Prevent Knee Pain
May 21 A Dozen New Training Techniques
May 28 8 Things You Never Knew About Strength Training
June 4 Healthy Shoulders / Happy Clients
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Each on-line program is approved for 0.2 CECs through ACE, CSCS, NSCA and NASM and/or 2.0 CEUs through AFAA, BOC, ISSA, WITS, NCSF and most other certifications. Each 2-hour module is only $19.99. For specific information on CE awards, please visit: http://www.exerciseetc.com/cec.html
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