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Nutrition for Serious Athletes
FitBits
September 15, 2005
Exercise
ETC's Review of
Exercise Related Research
Compiled by
Jeannie Patton, MS, CSCS
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Behavioral Indicators Predict Obesity
In Adolescent Girls
The pressure to conform to a particular body size is especially prevalent in adolescent females. The purpose of this study was to determine whether certain psychological and behavioral variables could predict obesity in adolescent girls.
Subjects were 496 adolescent girls who completed a baseline assessment at age 11-15 years with 4 annual follow-ups. The assessments were designed to gather information regarding weight control behaviors, symptoms of depression, parental obesity, and psychological feelings about obesity and weight control.
The results of the study indicated that girls who tried extreme dieting, were depressed or had obese parents were more likely to become obese. In addition, purging behaviors such as vomiting and laxative abuse promoted weight gain as opposed to weight loss. The study found that the consumption of fatty foods, binge eating and infrequent exercise were not predictors of future obesity.
The results of this study indicate the need for educational programs to increase awareness of the factors that contribute to future obesity in young females and ways to prevent these behaviors.
Stice, Eric; Presnell, Katherine; Shaw, Heather; Rohde, Paul. Psychological and Behavioral Risk Factors for Obesity Onset in Adolescent Girls: A Prospective Study. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2005 Apr Vol 73(2) 195-202
Low
Sodium Levels Predict Illness,
Death Among Marathon Runners
Abnormally
low levels of sodium, which are referred to as hyponatremia,
have emerged as an important cause of race-related illness
among marathon runners. Symptoms include lethargy, disorientation, seizures
and respiratory distress. In extreme cases it can be fatal.
The purpose of this study was to estimate the incidence of hyponatremia
and to identify the principal risk factors in marathon runners.
Participants were 488 runners in the 2002 Boston Marathon. Subjects completed
a survey describing demographic information and training history. After
the race, runners provided a blood sample and completed
a questionnaire detailing their fluid consumption and urine output
during the race. Pre-race and post-race weights were recorded.
The study found that thirteen percent of the runners had hyponatremia. Factors that were associated with hyponatremia included weight gain while running, a long race time (>4:00 hours) and low body mass index.
The results of this study indicate that hyponatremia occurs in a substantial number of non-elite marathon runners. It is important for Fitness Professionals to be aware of this issue in order to educate their clients who engage in endurance activities and to encourage proper hydration and appropriate sodium replacement.
Almond, Christopher. et al. Hyponatremia Among Runners in the Boston Marathon. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2005; 15(352), 1550-1556.
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