Semi-Annual Correspondence Course Sale Until 11/30/05
FitBits
November 15, 2005
Exercise
ETC's Review of
Exercise Related Research
Compiled by
Jeannie Patton, MS, CSCS
Exercise
ETC’s 2006 Training Schedule
Available at: www.exerciseetc.com
Zinc
Deficiency
Impairs Cardio Function
The role of zinc in promoting physiologic function during exercise is not well understood. Although some zinc-containing enzymes are thought to regulate energy expenditure, data are limited on the effect of restricted dietary zinc on metabolic responses during exercise. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of low zinc intake on cardiorespiratory function.
Subjects were 14 men aged 20–31 years old. In a random order, subjects were fed either a low-zinc diet (3.8 mg/d) or took zinc supplements (18.7 mg/d) for 9-week periods with a 6-week washout between trials. This study found that low dietary zinc resulted in a lowered ability to perform prolonged submaximal exercise, compared to the period of zinc supplementation.
These findings indicate that low dietary zinc is associated with impaired metabolic responses during exercise. Men performing prolonged exercise may need to pay attention to their intake of zinc to achieve optimal physical performance.
Lukaski, Henry C. et al. Low dietary zinc decreases erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase activities and impairs cardiorespiratory function in men during exercise. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. May 2005; 81(5), 1045-1051.
The Female Athletic Triad:
Not Just for Female Athletes?
The female athletic triad consists of 3 components: disordered eating, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis. Previous research has indicated that elite athletes who compete in sports where leanness or low body weight is important are at increased risk for the syndrome. The purpose of this study was to determine to what extent the triad exists in non-athletic women.
Subjects consisted of 938 elite athletes ages 13-39 and 900 age matched non-athletes. There were three components to the study: a detailed questionnaire, measurement of bone mineral density and clinical interview.
The study found 4.3% of the elite athletes and 3.4% of the controls met all the criteria for the Triad (disordered eating, menstrual dysfunction, and low bone mineral density). The presence of two components of the Triad ranged from 5.4% to 26.9% in the athletes and 12.4% to 15.2% in the controls.
The results of this study indicate that the female athletic triad is not limited to elite athletes but is also present in non-athletes and physically active girls and women. Since the Triad exists as a continuum, it is important for Fitness Professionals to be aware of the components and educate their clients as to the risk early in the progression.
Klungland Torstveit, M. and J. Sundgot-Borgen. The female athlete triad exists in both elite athletes and controls. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2005; 37(9), 1449-1459.
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